摘要 :
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs among both civilians and military personnel after traumatic events, and has become a signature wound of the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The relationship between novel risk...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs among both civilians and military personnel after traumatic events, and has become a signature wound of the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The relationship between novel risk factors, such as prescription stimulants, and the subsequent development of PTSD is unknown. We studied 25,971 military members from a large prospective cohort that began enrollment prior to September 11th, 2001. Medication prescriptions were obtained from the military Pharmacy Data Transaction System, and PTSD diagnosis was based on a validated survey instrument (PTSD Checklist Civilian Version). The risk of incident PTSD with stimulant use was estimated using survival analyses, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, military service characteristics, baseline mental and physical health status, deployment experiences (e.g., combat), and physical/sexual trauma. Overall, 1376 (5.3%) persons developed incident PTSD during follow-up. Prescription stimulants were significantly associated with incident PTSD (hazard ratio [HR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35 4.74; p<0.001) in the adjusted model. The magnitude of this association exceeded that of a combat deployment and incident PTSD (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.42 1.84; p<0.001). A dose-related relationship between the days supply and number of stimulant prescriptions with PTSD was noted. The findings suggest that prescription stimulants may increase the risk of subsequent development of PTSD. These data may inform the underlying pathogenesis of and preventive strategies for PTSD.
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摘要 :
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder affecting individuals that have experienced life-changing traumatic events. The symptoms of PTSD experienced by these subjects--including acute anxiety, flashbacks,...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder affecting individuals that have experienced life-changing traumatic events. The symptoms of PTSD experienced by these subjects--including acute anxiety, flashbacks, and hyper-arousal--disrupt their normal functioning. Although PTSD is still categorized as a psychological disorder, recent years have witnessed a multi-directional research effort attempting to understand the biomolecular origins of the disorder. This review begins by providing a brief overview of the known biological underpinnings of the disorder resulting from studies using structural and functional neuroimaging, endocrinology, and genetic and epigenetic assays. Next, we discuss the systems biology approach, which is often used to gain mechanistic insights from the wealth of available high-throughput experimental data. Finally, we provide an overview of the current computational tools used to decipher the heterogeneous types of molecular data collected in the study of PTSD.
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摘要 :
Since 2003 about 14 percent of U.S. Army soldiers have been reporting symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following deployments. The objective of this study is to examine how symptoms of PTSD or of other mental healt...
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Since 2003 about 14 percent of U.S. Army soldiers have been reporting symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following deployments. The objective of this study is to examine how symptoms of PTSD or of other mental health symptoms are correlated with the probability of divorce among married active duty Army soldiers. For this purpose, we combine Army administrative individual level longitudinal data on soldiers deployments, marital history and socio demographic characteristics with the soldiers self reported post-deployment health information, available in the Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) and Post Deployment Health Re Assessment (PDHRA) forms. Our estimates indicate that time spent in deployment is associated with an increase in the divorce risk among Army enlisted personnel and that PTSD symptoms are associated with further increases in the odds of divorce. Although officers are generally less likely to screen positive for PTSD than enlisted personnel, we find a stronger association between PTSD symptoms and divorces among Army officers who are PTSD symptomatic. This document should be of interest to policy makers and manpower analysts who are interested in supporting families in order to sustain readiness, morale, and family well being.
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摘要 :
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive re-experiencing of the traumatic events, avoidance of situations and stimuli that could serve as reminders of these events, and ch...
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive re-experiencing of the traumatic events, avoidance of situations and stimuli that could serve as reminders of these events, and chronic hypervigilance. Patients with PTSD are often also depressed, and many have significant memory impairments. In the present study, we expect a single ketamine infusion to reduce core PTSD symptoms. In addition, in those patients with PTSD who are depressed, we expect ketamine to reduce depressed mood. Finally, ketamine is known to impair memory function. We will also test if the extent of ketamine-induced memory impairment during the infusion can predict how well people do after the infusion. The first patient was randomized at the end of May 09 as recruitment began in March 09. To date, 31 people have been randomized of which 26 have completed study procedures.
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This study examined the protective effects of hardiness (dispositional resilience) on self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of postdeployed service members. Hardiness was negatively related to PTS...
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This study examined the protective effects of hardiness (dispositional resilience) on self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a sample of postdeployed service members. Hardiness was negatively related to PTSD symptoms. Time in the military, number of deployments, and total time spent on deployment were all positively related to PTSD symptoms. Hardiness moderated the effects of time in the military on PTSD symptoms, such that time in the military had no effect on those who were high in hardiness. Hardiness did not moderate the effects of either deployment measure. Suggestions to modify current military resilience training programs to most effectively enhance the benefits of hardiness are discussed.
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There is high comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence, indicating that exposure to stressful events increases the risk of alcoholism. Thus, identifying pharmacological targets with potentia...
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There is high comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependence, indicating that exposure to stressful events increases the risk of alcoholism. Thus, identifying pharmacological targets with potential therapeutic value in treating PTSD-associated alcoholism is critical. An interesting candidate is neuropeptide Y (NPY). Recent evidence suggests that low NPY levels promote high alcohol consumption, and it has been established the NPY protects against stress and anxiety. The overall goal of this grant is to determine the role of NPY (and related neuropeptides) in modulating stress-induced increases of alcohol consumption using mouse models. The specific projects for the current funding year determined if A) overexpression of brain NPY with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector is protective against increased alcohol consumption, and B) if mutant mice lacking normal production of NPY show enhanced sensitivity to stress- induced increases of ethanol consumption. Results indicate that overexpression of brain NPY protects against high alcohol drinking in mice, and that a lack of NPY in mutant mice increases sensitivity to stress-induced alcohol self- administration. Together, the current findings provide evidence that NPY signaling protects against the effects of stress on excessive alcohol self- administration. Thus, NPY may have therapeutic value in treating alcoholism triggered by PTSD.
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This report covers progress completed on Biomarkers for PTSD from 6/3/09-6/2/10. During this period the grant has been transferred from NCIRE to New York University School of Medicine (NYUMC), where the PI, Dr. Marmar, has taken a...
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This report covers progress completed on Biomarkers for PTSD from 6/3/09-6/2/10. During this period the grant has been transferred from NCIRE to New York University School of Medicine (NYUMC), where the PI, Dr. Marmar, has taken a position as Chair of Psychiatry. This study is in the start-up phase, and major goals have included getting IRB approvals, hiring study personnel, and optimizing procedure manuals for handling of samples and patient data. Major progress has been made on each of these fronts. Because this is a complex and large multi-site study, a significant portion of time must be devoted to project start-up.
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